Genetic disorders are health problems that happen when a mutation (change in DNA) affects your genes or chromosomes. Some disorders cause symptoms at birth, while others develop over time.
There are several types of genetic disorders, each affecting the oral cavity in their own unique way. Down Syndrome is one of the many disorders that require special attention when it comes to maintaining oral health.
Delayed Eruption/Small or Missing Teeth
The teeth of people with Down syndrome - both baby teeth and permanent teeth- may be delayed in their development and eruption. Sometimes, certain teeth do not form at all, or are very small. Not having teeth to chew with can contribute to nutritional deficiencies due to dietary limitations.
Periodontal (Gum) Disease
People with Down syndrome have an impaired immune system, which puts them at increased risk for gum disease (periodontal disease). Regular brushing and flossing will keep the gums clean and help to minimize the inflammation.
Occlusion (bite) Issues
People with Down syndrome tend to have small teeth and may have a small upper jaw. The small upper jaw may create a situation where the top teeth do not go over the bottom teeth the way they are meant to. This can create issues with how the teeth come together (occlusion) and contribute to nutritional deficiencies.
The Importance of Home Care and Regular Dental Visits
Regular brushing and flossing at home – and visiting a dentist every six months (sometimes more frequently) – is key is helping people with Down Syndrome maintain good oral health.
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